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2024 Technical Program

Lipid Oxidation and Quality

Health and Nutrition

Analytical

Session: Lipid Oxidation Products and Process Contaminants: From Analytics to Health Impacts

Diet Enriched with Epoxidized Triacylglycerols Induces Inflammatory Responses in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice

Tuesday, April 30, 2024
2:09 PM – 2:26 PM EDT
Room: 524c
Abstract:

Dietary epoxides, which are widely recognized as abundant products of lipid oxidation, are raising concerns regarding their impact on gastrointestinal health. To address this concern, we conducted a study using mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with naturally occurring epoxidized triacylglycerols (ETAGs) at food representative amounts (4 µg, 20 µg, and 100 µg/day) to investigate their influence on inflammation. Our analysis involved gene expression assessments related to inflammation (TLR4, NF-κB p65, COX-2) using qPCR, along with targeted oxylipin analysis in jejunum tissues using LC-MS/MS.

In the proximal jejunum, supplementation with 100 µg ETAGs/day significantly increased the relative gene expression of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 to 3.00 ± 0.34 and 2.10 ± 0.21 compared to the control (1.0), respectively. Even at 4 µg ETAGs/day, there was a twofold increase in NF-κB p65 expression (2.21 ± 0.11). In the later stages of jejunal digestion, the 20 µg ETAGs/day supplementation led to an almost fivefold increase in TLR4 expression (4.67 ± 0.41) and a more than sixfold increase in COX-2 expression (6.36 ± 0.50) compared to the control.

Profiles of pro-inflammatory oxylipins in distal jejunal tissues showed a significant up to threefold increase in PGE2 and PGD1 compared to the control when mice were fed 4 µg and 100 µg ETAGs/day, respectively. Moreover, the LOX and COX metabolites, HETE, HODE, and HDHA, were notably elevated in the distal jejunum of epoxide-supplemented mice. In the group receiving 4 µg ETAGs/day, 9-HODE increased fourfold, and HETE increased to 30 ng/mg tissue compared to 10 ng/mg in the control. In contrast, soluble epoxide hydrolase activity was substantially reduced in the distal jejunum when mice were supplemented with 100 µg ETAGs/day.

Our results underscore the pro-inflammatory effects of dietary epoxides in the jejunum, emphasizing the importance of considering dietary epoxides in consumer recommendations and developing industry standards.